When a tooth gets a cavity or is damaged by decay, dental fillings are the solution to restore its function and shape. Fillings not only help prevent further damage but also improve the overall health and appearance of your teeth. However, not all fillings are the same. There are several types of materials used for dental fillings, each with its unique set of benefits, costs, and ideal use cases. Let’s take a closer look at the different types of dental fillings available today.
Amalgam Fillings (Silver Fillings)
Amalgam fillings are one of the most common types of dental fillings. Made from a mixture of metals—typically silver, mercury, tin, and copper—amalgam fillings are durable, strong, and long-lasting. They are often used in the back teeth, where the pressure from chewing is the greatest.
Pros:
- Durable and long-lasting (can last 10-15 years or more).
- Resistant to wear and tear, making them ideal for high-stress areas.
- Relatively affordable compared to other materials.
Cons:
- The metallic color is noticeable, which may not be aesthetically pleasing. This is especially true for fillings in the front teeth.
- Contains mercury. In the amounts used for amalgam fillings, it is considered safe. However, some patients still have concerns about this metal.
Composite Fillings (Tooth-Colored Fillings)
Composite fillings are made from a resin-based material that can be matched to the color of your natural teeth. This makes them a popular choice for fillings in visible areas, such as the front teeth. Composite fillings are applied in layers, and a special light is used to harden each layer.
Pros:
- Aesthetically pleasing due to the ability to match the shade of your natural teeth.
- Less invasive as they require less removal of healthy tooth structure.
- Bond well to the tooth, which can strengthen the tooth and reduce the risk of fracture.
Cons:
- Less durable than amalgam, particularly in large cavities or areas that undergo heavy chewing pressure.
- Can wear down over time and may need to be replaced more frequently (typically 5-7 years).
- Can stain over time, especially with coffee, tea, or tobacco use.
Ceramic Fillings (Porcelain Fillings)
Ceramic fillings are made from porcelain, which provides a natural look similar to composite fillings. These fillings are often used for teeth that are highly visible (like the front teeth) because they are durable and can be shaped to fit the natural contours of the tooth.
Pros:
- Excellent aesthetic results because the porcelain closely matches the color of natural teeth.
- Highly durable and resistant to staining.
- Long-lasting, with a lifespan of 10-15 years or more.
Cons:
- More expensive than both amalgam and composite fillings.
- Requires more tooth structure to be removed compared to composite fillings.
- Can be more prone to chipping or cracking under heavy pressure, although this is less common.
Gold Fillings
Gold fillings are made from a gold alloy and are known for their strength and durability. These fillings are custom-made to fit the cavity, requiring two visits to the dentist: one for taking impressions and another for placing the finished filling.
Pros:
- Extremely durable and can last 15 years or more.
- Resistant to wear and corrosion.
- Gold is biocompatible, making it a safe option for most patients.
Cons:
- Expensive compared to other types of fillings.
- Requires multiple visits to the dentist.
- The gold color may be more noticeable, especially in visible areas.
Resilon (Root Canal Fillings)
Resilon is a thermoplastic root canal filling material, offering an alternative to gutta-percha, a naturally-occurring compound traditionally used for filling root canal channels. While not used for typical cavities, it is specifically designed for root canal therapy. Resilon provides an effective seal and has properties that may help in the healing process.
Pros:
- Offers a better seal than traditional gutta-percha, potentially reducing the risk of reinfection.
- Easier to work with, as it can be shaped more precisely.
- Biocompatible and resists shrinkage over time.
Cons:
- More expensive than traditional root canal filling materials.
- Still a relatively new option compared to gutta-percha.
Conclusion
The right type of dental filling for you will depend on several factors, including the location and size of the cavity, your budget, and your aesthetic preferences. While no filling material is perfect for every situation, advancements in dental materials have provided options that cater to a wide range of needs. Consult with your dentist to determine which type of filling will be the best choice to restore your smile and ensure long-term oral health.